ПРОБЛЕМА УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ПСИХОАКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ: СОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Получена: 07.10.2023 Принята: 02.02.2024 Опубликована online: 29.02.2024
УДК 616-053.2
DOI 10.53511/PHARMKAZ.2024.89.95.018

Жумашева Айгерим Сапаровна, 1Прилуцкая Мария Валерьевна, 1Шарапатова Куляш Гаусильевна, 2 Алтыбаева Гульжан Калибековна, 3Шамарданова Ольга Минневакифовна, 3Кусаинов Алмас Абихасович

1Павлодарский филиал НАО «Медицинский университет Семей», г. Павлодар, Казахстан
2Медицинский университет Семей, г. Семей, Казахстан
3Медицинский Университет Астана, г. Астана, Казахстан

ПРОБЛЕМА УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ПСИХОАКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ
ПРАКТИКЕ: СОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Введение. Употребление психоактивных веществ (ПАВ) среди подростков и детей является важной проблемой общественного здравоохранения во всем мире. По причине широкой распространенности ПАВ, губительности последствий их приема педиатрам амбулаторного и стационарного звена необходимо знать клинические проявления злоупотребления ПАВ у детей и подростков.
Цель: анализ литературных данных о соматических аспектах употребления ПАВ в педиатрической практике.
Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор оригинальных научных публикаций на английском, русском
языках из баз данных: PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ. Критериями включения стали полнотекстовые оригинальные публикации о клинических аспектах употребления ПАВ детьми и подростками. Глубина
поиска: январь 2013 года- май 2023 года. Критериями исключения были абстракты и резюме публикаций, статьи о злоупотреблении ПАВ взрослыми.
Результаты. В обзоре представлены данные о соматических симптомах интоксикации каннабисом,
ингалянтами, галлюциногенами, бензодиазепинами, опиоидами, кокаином, вейпами, новыми психоактивными веществами у несовершеннолетних.
Выводы. Количество новых психоактивных веществ растет, как и число злоупотребляющих ими
подростками. Интоксикация ПАВ в педиатрической практике проявляется разнообразной симптоматикой. Данный обзор подчеркивает важность работы с данной проблемой по нескольким направлениям: своевременная оценка состояния и дифференцирование ПАВ по тяжести соматических аспектов, выявление факторов риска и настороженность по злоупотреблению ПАВ и хронизации патологических процессов, а также проведение комплексных мер фокусной профилактики
в группах риска.
Ключевые слова: каннабис, ингалянты, галлюциногены, бензодиазепины, опиоиды, кокаин, вейпинг,
«дизайнерские наркотики», дети, подростки, отравление.

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