THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS AND CONTROL OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A LITERARY REVIEW

Received: 20.07.2024/Accepted: 03.10.2024/Published online: 29.10.2024
УДК 616-022.7:615.33
DOI: 10.53511/pharmkaz.2024.63.30.018
A.A. BALAPASHEVA1, A.Z. MUSSINA1, G.A. SMAGULOVA1, L.E. ZIGANSHINA2, L.S. BALYMBETOVA1
1 NCJSC «West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University», Aktobe, Kazakhstan
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (RMACPE), Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS AND
CONTROL OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A LITERARY REVIEW
Resume. Antimicrobials play an important role in modern medicine, but growing resistance to them poses a significant
threat to global health. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this problem due to the widespread and often unjustified
use of antibiotics, which could lead to an increase in cases of antimicrobial resistance. Overprescription of antibiotics can
result in significant financial costs to individuals and healthcare systems. When antibiotics are overprescribed, not only can
they become less effective due to the development of antibiotic resistance, but they can also cause side effects that lead to
additional medical costs.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in antibiotic consumption in
hospital settings.
Materials and methods: The analysis of scientific articles including meta-analyses, randomized and cohort studies,
systematic reviews and data from the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
was carried out. The articles were selected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases for
the period from 2019 to 2023. Search terms such as «antimicrobial resistance», «antibiotic consumption», «COVID-19» and
«antibacterial therapy» were used, without language restrictions.
Results: Despite the viral nature of COVID-19, at the beginning of the pandemic, all patients were prescribed antibacterial
therapy, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, regardless of the severity of the disease. This was due to concerns about
secondary bacterial infections. Numerous studies have documented an increase in antibiotic prescriptions during the COVID19 pandemic, with a significant proportion of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics, although confirmed bacterial or
fungal infections were detected in only a smaller percentage of patients. The review revealed regional differences in
antibiotic use practices and the need to strike a balance between effective treatment and the fight against antimicrobial
resistance.
Conclusions: The need for rational antibacterial therapy and improved epidemiological surveillance is becoming
increasingly urgent for effective management of antibiotic resistance. The introduction of antimicrobial therapy management
programs in medical institutions is an important step to reduce the unjustified consumption of antibiotics and combat the
growth of antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic consumption, COVID-19, antibacterial therapy, antimicrobial stewardship

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