Received: 18.02.2025 Accepted: 18.05.2025 Published online: 29.08.2025
УДК 615.015:615.322:543+615.451.2+582.998
DOI: 10.53511/pharmkaz.2025.4.5
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF FIELD TOBACCO
(CIRSIUM ARVENSE) AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
Mukhitdin M.B.¹, Kartbayeva E.B.¹, Kalykova A.S.¹, Turgumbayeva A.A.¹, Ahayeva T.A.¹,
Nazhmidenova A.B.², Ussenbekova A.E.², Kanzhigitova A.S.¹, Kudaibergen A.A.¹
¹Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
²Multidisciplinary medical clinic Green Clinic, Astana, Kazakhstan
Resume. Cirsium arvense, or field thistle, is a perennial plant widely distributed in Europe and Asia. Despite its status as a weed, its chemical composition attracts the attention of researchers due to the content of a wide range of biologically active substances, including terpenes, phenolic compounds, acids and aldehydes. Modern methods were used to analyze the chemical composition, in particular, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which made it possible to identify and quantify volatile components in the aboveground and underground parts of the plant. During the phytochemical analysis of ethanol extracts, more than 70 compounds were identified. Key compounds include D-limonene, α-fellandren, β-myrcene, α-cubenene, acetic and propionic acids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor activity. The results obtained confirm the pharmacological potential of C. arvense.
The purpose of the study. This work aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of biologically active substances in extracts of field thistle using ethanol extractants of various concentrations to identify the most effective concentration of the extractant.
Relevance of the problem. Plants of the genus Cirsium, and, in particular, Cirsium arvense (field thistle), are traditionally perceived as weeds, but they are of great interest from the point of view of pharmacy due to the high content of biologically active substances (BAS) [1]. BAS of this plant, including terpenes, phenolic compounds have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [2]. It is important to avoid the use of synthetic antibiotics, which may cause pathogenesis, and to avoid the use of synthetic antibiotics [3]. C. arvense alcohol is a chemical agent of BAS and a pharmacological agent of BAS, which can cause serious damage to the health of the patient, as well as to the health of the patient’s health care and pharmacy.
Materials and Methods: Aboveground and underground parts of the plant were extracted using maceration with 50%, 70%, and 90% ethanol. Phytochemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Results: More than 70 compounds were identified. The highest levels of D-limonene, α-phellandrene, and β-myrcene were found in the 50% ethanol extract. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.
Conclusion: 50% ethanol is the most effective extractant for isolating biologically active substances from C. arvense. This plant is a promising source of natural pharmacologically active compounds for drug development.
Keywords: biologically active substances, phytochemical analysis, field thistle, Cirsium arvense.
