Received: 05 May 2026
Accepted: 09 June 2026
Published online: 17 June 2026
UDC: 615.2:615.454:616.12
DOI: 10.53511/PHARMKAZ.2026.3.7
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOKINETIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRANASAL GEL WITH CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Toktarkhan Y.B. ¹, Datkhayev U.M ¹, Raganina K.T. ¹*, Talkimbayeva N.A. ¹, Karibayev K.R. ², Tleubayeva M.I. ¹, Zhandabayeva M.A. ¹
¹ Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
² Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Introduction. Arterial hypertension remains an urgent medical and social problem requiring the development of fastacting and effective dosage forms. Clonidine hydrochloride is a promising active pharmaceutical substance due to its pronounced central antihypertensive activity and favorable physico-chemical characteristics.
Materials and methods. The analysis of literature data on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of clonidine hydrochloride, as well as biopharmaceutical aspects of intranasal drug delivery and modern approaches to the development of nasal gel forms is carried out.
Results. It has been established that the intranasal route of administration can promote faster intake of the active substance into the systemic circulation due to high vascularization of the nasal mucosa and the absence of a “first pass” effect. It is assumed that gel dosage forms may have advantages related to an increase in contact time with the mucous membrane, a potential decrease in mucociliary clearance, and the possibility of controlled release of the active substance.
Discussion. The data obtained confirm the biopharmaceutical validity of intranasal delivery of clonidine hydrochloride and its advantages over traditional routes of administration. The use of gel systems partially eliminates the limitations of the nasal pathway associated with rapid clearance and absorption variability, which makes this approach promising for the creation of fast-acting antihypertensive drugs.
Conclusion. Clonidine hydrochloride is a reasonable candidate for the development of a nasal gel. The development of this dosage form represents a theoretically substantiated and promising direction aimed at improving the efficacy and onset of antihypertensive therapy.
Keywords. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clonidine hydrochloride, nasal gel, dosage form
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