Received: 27 July 2026
Accepted: 05 October 2026
Published online: 30 October 2026
UDC: 615.322:615.076.8
DOI: 10.53511/pharmkaz.2026.5.12
Article type: Original Research Article
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HYPEROSIDE AND TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN Galium Spurium L. HERB GROWING IN THE TURKESTAN REGION
Sherkhan A. M.¹*, Orynbassarova K. K.², Tursubekova B. I.¹, Rakhmanova G. S.²
¹M. Auezov South Kazakhstan Research University, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan
²South Kazakhstan Medical Academy JSC, Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan
Introduction. The flavonoid composition of Galium spurium L. herb growing in the Turkestan Region was studied using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the investigated sample, the total flavonoid content calculated as hyperoside was 2,10 ± 0,16% (n=5), while the hyperoside content determined by HPLC was 1,383%.
Aim of the study. To preliminarily identify hyperoside by comparing retention times and quantify it by HPLC, as well as to determine the total flavonoid content in Galium spurium L. herb collected in the Turkestan Region using spectrophotometry.
Materials and Methods. The study material was dried Galium spurium L. herb collected during the flowering period in June 2026 in the Kazygurt District of the Turkestan Region. The HPLC result was obtained from one pooled sample (n=1), while the final spectrophotometric determination of total flavonoids was performed in five parallel measurements (n=5).
To select the extraction conditions, ethanol concentrations of 40%, 50%, 70%, and 90%, particle sizes ranging from 0,5 to 3,0 mm, and extraction times ranging from 30 to 90 min were investigated.
HPLC analysis was performed using an Agilent 1260 Infinity system. Absorbance was measured at 378 nm using an SF-2000 spectrophotometer. The five parallel measurements applied only to the final spectrophotometric determination of total flavonoids; the HPLC result was obtained from one pooled sample (n=1).
Results. The retention time of hyperoside was 1,704 min, and its content was 1,383%. The total flavonoid content determined by spectrophotometry was 2,10 ± 0,16% (n=5; RSD=7,53%). Within the investigated ranges, the selected extraction conditions were a particle size of 1,0 mm, 70% ethanol, and an extraction time of 60 min.
Discussion. The obtained data are consistent with reports on the presence of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in Galium species. The RSD value of 7,53% indicates limited repeatability of the UV spectrophotometric method. Since the HPLC method has not undergone full validation, the results are considered a preliminary quantitative characterization of the investigated sample.
Conclusion. In the investigated sample of Galium spurium L. herb from the Kazygurt District of the Turkestan Region, the hyperoside content determined by HPLC was 1,383%, while the total flavonoid content calculated as hyperoside was 2,10 ± 0,16%. Since the results were obtained from a single batch of plant material, they are considered preliminary indicators for this type of medicinal plant material. The obtained data are regarded as an initial characterization and a preliminary conclusion, while studies involving several batches of plant material are ongoing.
Keywords: Galium spurium L., false cleavers, flavonoids, UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, quantitative analysis, medicinal plant material.
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