Received: 13.08.2026
Accepted: 18.08.2026
Published online: 21.08.2026
UDC: 616.314.17-008.1-08
DOI: 10.53511/pharmkaz.2026.4.2
CLINICAL PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF TOPICAL COPPER–CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (CUPRAL) AND HYPEROXYGENATED WATER IN INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES
AUBAKIROVA S.M.¹, MERGEMBAYEVA Kh.S.¹
¹ Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Introduction. The effectiveness of topical treatment for inflammatory periodontal diseases may be limited by microbial biofilm persistence and the relatively short duration of action of conventional antiseptic agents. Optimization of local antimicrobial pharmacotherapy and the use of agents capable of providing a more sustained therapeutic response therefore remain relevant. This study evaluated the clinical pharmacotherapeutic outcomes of topical copper–calcium hydroxide (Cupral) combined with hyperoxygenated water.
Materials and Methods. This comparative controlled clinical study included 80 patients aged 18–60 years with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Cohort I included 40 patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis, and Cohort II included 40 patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Each cohort comprised a study group and a control group of 20 patients each. The study group received topical 1% Cupral in Cohort I and 5% Cupral combined with hyperoxygenated water in Cohort II. Control patients received topical 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate. Treatment outcomes were assessed using OHI-S, SBI, PMA and, in patients with periodontitis, PI immediately after treatment and at 1- and 3-month follow-up.
Results. In the study group with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, OHI-S decreased from 2.34±0.29 to 0.30±0.06, SBI from 1.3±0.1 to 0.2±0.1, and PMA from 25±6 to 4.2±1.8 immediately after treatment. At three months, OHI-S was 0.87±0.1 and SBI was 0.39±0.1, remaining below baseline values. In the chlorhexidine control group, the initial improvement was followed by an increase in periodontal indices; at three months, OHI-S was 2.5±0.1, SBI 2.9±0.26, and PMA 79±4.46. In patients with moderate periodontitis, topical 5% Cupral was associated with a decrease in OHI-S from 2.9±0.5 to 0.3±0.08, SBI from 2.0±0.4 to 0.3±0.13, PMA from 37±6.7 to 8.9±2.0, and PI from 1.5±0.2 to 0.5±0.02. Most indices remained below baseline at three months. Because baseline periodontal indices differed between the study and control groups, the findings were interpreted primarily as within-group changes.
Conclusion. Topical copper–calcium hydroxide combined with hyperoxygenated water was associated with marked improvement in clinical periodontal indices and persistence of the observed response for up to three months. The regimen may therefore be considered a promising approach to local pharmacotherapy of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Randomized studies with comparable baseline characteristics and systematic safety assessment are required to confirm comparative effectiveness.
Keywords: local pharmacotherapy; copper–calcium hydroxide; Cupral; chlorhexidine; hyperoxygenated water; periodontitis; gingivitis; antimicrobial therapy; biofilm.
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