Received: 17 August 2026
Accepted: 08 October 2026
Published online: 30 October 2026
UDC: 615.477.66
DOI: 10.53511/pharmkaz.2026.5.10
Article type: Review Article
MODERN MEDICAL PATCH SYSTEMS: DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, PHARMACEUTICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANALYSIS OF REGISTERED PRODUCTS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Utegenov Sh.P.1, Kozhanova K.K.1, Tleubayeva M.I.1,
Satmbekova D.K.2, Khamitova A.E.1, Nokerbek Sh.3
1NJSC «Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
2NJSC «Al-Farabi Kazakh National University», Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
3LLP «Kelun-Kazpharm», Kokozek village, Almaty Region, Republic of Kazakhstan
Introduction. The article is devoted to a review of modern medical patches used for the local and transdermal delivery of medicinal substances. The main types of patches, the materials used, current directions of their development, as well as an analysis of the assortment of patches available on the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented.
Objective. To systematize and comparatively evaluate current scientific data on medical patches, the materials used in their manufacture, their structural and technological features, and current trends in their development and application, as well as to analyze the structure of the registered range of patches in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Materials and methods. A narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The main search period was 2016-2026, earlier regulatory and pharmacopoeial sources were included only to define terminology and the regulatory context. In addition, the State Register of Medicines and the State Register of medical devices of the Republic of Kazakhstan were analyzed separately as of 2 October 2026.
Results. Contemporary patch technologies differ substantially in intended use and regulatory status and include medicinal patches for local and transdermal delivery, medical devices and wound dressings, skin adhesives, microneedle systems, 3D-printed platforms, and electronic sensor patches. Thirteen trade names were identified in the State Register of Medicines under the dosage-form terms “medical patch”, “patch”, “transdermal patch”, and “patch – transdermal therapeutic system”. In the State Register of Medical Devices, the search term “patch” identified 169 registration entries (n=169), including 19 (11%) domestic and 150 (89%) imported entries. Among all medical-device entries, the largest numbers originated from China – 38/169 (22%), Russia – 26/169 (15%), and Türkiye – 19/169 (11%).
Discussion. Conventional fixation and antibacterial patches and approved transdermal systems have the highest level of clinical readiness, whereas many microneedle, 3D-printed, and electronic “smart” platforms remain at preclinical or early clinical stages. Their potential advantages should be considered together with safety, stability, manufacturability, scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory requirements.
Conclusion. Modern patch technologies represent a heterogeneous group of dosage forms, medical devices, and promising technological systems that differ in their intended use, design, mechanism of action, materials employed, and regulatory status. The analysis of the scientific literature showed that the development of this field is associated with the improvement of polymeric and adhesive materials, the development of hydrogel and biodegradable systems, the application of microneedle technologies and 3D printing, and the integration of sensor components.
The analysis of the State Register of the Republic of Kazakhstan demonstrated a predominance of foreign-manufactured medical devices within the evaluated range of patches and a limited representation of domestically manufactured products. Expansion of the domestic product range requires a separate assessment of medical need, technological feasibility, and economic feasibility.
Keywords: medical patches, transdermal patches, wounds, cuts, hydrogels, 3D printing, liquid patches, adhesive materials, polymeric materials
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